These costs include accommodation (assuming double occupancy, so the traveler is sharing the room), food, transportation, and entertainment. [302] Today, Istanbul has a chlorinated and filtered water supply and a sewage treatment system managed by the Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (stanbul Su ve Kanalizasyon daresi, SK). It is located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York. Istanbul's first private university, Ko University, was founded as late as 1992, because private universities were not allowed in Turkey before the 1982 amendment to the constitution. Atatrk Olympic Stadium, the largest multi-purpose stadium in Turkey, was completed in 2002 as an IAAF first-class venue for track and field. [189] People registered in Kastamonu, Ordu, Giresun, Erzurum, Samsun, Malatya, Trabzon, Sinop and Rize provinces represent the biggest population groups in Istanbul, meanwhile people registered in Sivas has the highest percentage with more than 760 thousand residents in the city. [151], Built in porphyry and erected at the center of the Forum of Constantine in 330 CE to mark the founding of the new Roman capital, the Column of Constantine was originally adorned with a sculpture of the Roman emperor Constantine the Great depicted as the solar god Apollo on its top, which fell in 1106 and was later replaced by a cross during the reign of Byzantine emperor Manuel Komnenos (r. [341] Most visitors enter Istanbul by air, but about half a million foreign tourists enter the city by sea each year. To get started, select two countries below, and hit 'Go'!. Istanbul University, the nation's oldest institute of higher education, dates back to 1453 and its dental, law, medical schools were founded in the 19th century. According to survey data 78% of the voting-age Turkish citizens in Istanbul state "Turkish" as their ethnic identity. [225], Istanbul, which straddles the Bosporus strait, houses international ports that link Europe and Asia. The Neolithic settlement in the Yenikap quarter on the European side, which dates back to c. 6500 BCE and predates the formation of the Bosporus strait by approximately a millennium (when the Sea of Marmara was still a lake)[147] was discovered during the construction of the Marmaray railway tunnel. [96] Another effect of Istanbul's maritime position is its persistently high dew points, near-saturation morning humidity,[97] and frequent fog,[98][95] which also limits Istanbul's sunshine hours to levels closer to Western Europe,[99] and gives the city its noticeable seasonal lag; Istanbul is one of the few cities in the temperate Northern Hemisphere where March is, on average, colder than December. Like the MMI, the Istanbul Special Provincial Administration has a governor, a democratically elected decision-making bodythe Provincial Parliamentand an appointed Executive Committee. Because of their restaurants, historic summer mansions, and tranquil, car-free streets, the Prince Islands are a popular vacation destination among Istanbulites and foreign tourists.[260]. [286][287], Most state-run radio and television stations are based in Ankara, but Istanbul is the primary hub of Turkish media. 4). See. [227] While the project was still on Turkey's agenda in 2020, there has not been a clear date set for it. The Istanbul International Music Festival has been held annually since 1973, and the International Istanbul Film Festival has been held annually since 1982. [26] The oldest known human settlement on the Asian side is the Fikirtepe Mound near Kadky, with relics dating to c. 5500-3500 BCE (Chalcolithic period). The feral cats in the city have gained widespread media and public attention and are considered to be symbols of the city. WebIf you live in Istanbul, then Istanbul is very expensive. [62] On 29 May 1453, after an eight-week siege (during which the last Roman emperor, Constantine XI, was killed), Sultan Mehmed II "the Conqueror" captured Constantinople and declared it the new capital of the Ottoman Empire. [41] Long allied with the Romans, Byzantium officially became a part of the Roman Empire in 73 CE. [172][175] The Provincial Administration's duties are largely limited to the building and maintenance of schools, residences, government buildings, and roads, and the promotion of arts, culture, and nature conservation. Among Turkey's first private stations, and the first featuring foreign popular music, was Istanbul's Metro FM (97.2 FM). The obelisk that would become the Obelisk of Theodosius remained in Alexandria until 390 CE, when Theodosius I (r. 379395 CE) had it transported to Constantinople and put up on the spina of the Hippodrome there. The Treaty of Lausanne was signed on 24 July 1923, and the occupation of Constantinople ended with the departure of the last forces of the Allies from the city on 4 October 1923. [275] Several other indoor arenas, including the Beikta Akatlar Arena, have also been inaugurated since 2000, serving as the home courts of Istanbul's sports clubs. [212] In large part due to emigration to Israel, the Jewish population in the city dropped from 100,000 in 1950[213] to 15,000 in 2021. [191], Arabs form the city's other largest ethnic minority, with an estimated population of more than 2 million. Emirgan Park is known for its diversity of plants and an annual tulip festival is held there since 2005. However, it was re-converted into a mosque in July 2020. [12] The city played a key role in the advancement of Christianity during Roman/Byzantine times, hosting four (including Chalcedon (Kadky) on the Asian side) of the first seven ecumenical councils (all of which were in present-day Turkey) before its transformation to an Islamic stronghold following the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 CEespecially after becoming the seat of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1517. Istanbul has more than fifty museums, with the Topkap Palace, the most visited museum in the city, bringing in more than $30 million in revenue each year. [9] In 330 CE, the Roman emperor Constantine the Great made it his imperial capital, renaming it first as New Rome (Greek: , Nea Rhom; Latin: Nova Roma)[10] and then as Constantinople (Constantinopolis) after himself. [306], In 2000, Istanbul had 137 hospitals, of which 100 were private. Bosporus hosts pelagic, demersal and semipelagic fish species and more than 130 different taxa have been documented in the strait. [292], Radio broadcasts in Istanbul date back to 1927, when Turkey's first radio transmission came from atop the Central Post Office in Eminn. [158] After extensive renovation, it became one of Turkey's first national museums in 1924. The Sultan Ahmed Mosque (Blue Mosque), another landmark of the city, faces the Hagia Sophia at Sultanahmet Square (Hippodrome of Constantinople). [282][283] It also hosted the Turkish Motorcycle Grand Prix between 2005 and 2007. Fares across modes are integrated, using the contactless Istanbulkart, introduced in 2009, or the older Akbil electronic ticket device. Cognizant that revitalization would fail without the repopulation of the city, Mehmed II welcomed everyoneforeigners, criminals, and runaways showing extraordinary openness and willingness to incorporate outsiders that came to define Ottoman political culture. The three serpent heads of the 8-meter (26ft) high column remained intact until the end of the 17th century (one is on display at the nearby Istanbul Archaeology Museums). [177], Throughout most of its history, Istanbul has ranked among the largest cities in the world. Istanbul is home to some of Turkey's oldest sports clubs. In: Edhem, Eldem. [237] When additional universities and art journals were founded in Istanbul during the 1980s, artists formerly based in Ankara moved in. [141] The Turkish government also has ambitious plans for an expansion of the city west and northwards on the European side in conjunction with the new Istanbul Airport, opened in 2019; the new parts of the city will include four different settlements with specified urban functions, housing 1.5million people. [256][257] Some other neighborhoods around stiklal Avenue have been revamped to cater to Beyolu's nightlife, with formerly commercial streets now lined with pubs, cafes, and restaurants playing live music. Furthermore, during early and mid-winter, the city's frequency of precipitation is virtually unparalleled in the Mediterranean basin; January averages 20 days of precipitation when counting trace accumulations,[103] 17 when using a 0.1mm threshold, and 12 when using a 1.0mm threshold. deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, refugees of the Syrian Civil War in Turkey, International Council of Shopping Centers, Fatih Sultan Mehmet (Second Bosphorus) Bridge, Yavuz Sultan Selim (Third Bosphorus) Bridge, List of twin towns and sister cities of Istanbul, "The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2021", "Sub-national HDI Area Database Global Data Lab", "Top city destinations by overnight visitors", "Marmaray kazlarnda tarih gn na kt", "Blue Versus Green: Rocking the Byzantine Empire", Globalization, Cosmopolitanism, and the Dnme in Ottoman Salonica and Turkish Istanbul, "Turkey recovers from one earthquake and braces for more", "Turkey: New building code for earthquake resilience", "World Map of the Kppen-Geiger climate classification updated", "Updated world map of the Kppen-Geiger climate classification", "Climatologie globale Istanbul / Ataturk - Infoclimat", "Personal Weather Station Dashboard | Weather Underground", "Normales et records climatologiques 1981-2010 Istanbul / Ataturk - Infoclimat", "Comparisons of Annual Meanprecipations of Annual Meanprecipitation Gridded and Station Data: An Example from Istanbul, Turkey Yllk Ortalama Gridlenmi Ya Verisi ve stasyon Ya Verisinin Karlatrlmas, stanbul rnei USTAOLU Marmara Corafya Dergisi", "stanbul Blge Mdrl'ne Bal stasyonlarda llen Ekstrem Deerler", "Normales et records climatologiques 2011-2020 SARIYER - Infoclimat", "Snow Acts as a Magical Balm in an Anxious Turkey (Published 2017)", "March 1987 Cyclone (Blizzard) over the Eastern Mediterranean and Balkan Region Associated with Blocking", 10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<3036:MCBOTE>2.0.CO;2, "Rivista Ligure di Meteorologia 44 - La neve sulle coste del Mediterraneo", "Normales et records climatologiques 1991-2020 Istanbul / Ataturk - Infoclimat", "weather istanbul - turkey - weatheronline", "Gov't forced to take measures amid below average rainfall across Turkey", "Lightning electrifies Istanbul, northwestern Turkey skies as thunderstorms take over", "Istanbul flood result of Turkey's climate change", "Climate Explorer: Yearly cycle and anomalies over", "Koppen climate classification | Definition, System, & Map", "Appendix D: Koppen-Trewartha Climate Classification Descriptions", "Temperature to increase significantly in Turkey in 30 years due to global warming, warns climate expert", "Xeriscaping Feasibility as an Urban Adaptation Method for Global Warming: A Case Study from Turkey", Istanbul Office Market General Overview: Third Quarter 2021, WCTR Society & Unyu Seisaku Kenky Kik 2004, "Gov't launches plan to fight illegal construction", "Poor but Proud Istanbul Neighborhood Faces Gentrification", "Forced gentrification plan spells end for old Roma district in Istanbul", "New city construction to begin in six months", "Water Supply Systems, Reservoirs, Charity and Free Fountains, Turkish Baths", "Illustration of the Lake (later Sea) of Marmara and the formation of the Turkish Straits after the Black Sea deluge", Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 2008, "Population of Istanbul in Turkey from 2007 to 2019", "Address Based Population Registration System Results of 2010", "The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2019", "File 11a: The 30 Largest Urban Agglomerations Ranked by Population Size at Each Point in Time, 19502035", "Starting Up in Turkey: Expats Getting Organized", "International Migration Statistics, 2019", "Doum yerlerine gre stanbul nfusu ve i gler", "stanbul'da en ok nereli var: stanbul'da en ok hangi ilden vatanda yayor? [18] Modern excavations have raised the possibility that the name Byzantium might reflect the sites of native Thracian settlements that preceded the fully-fledged town. [332][333] The two sides of Istanbul's metro are connected under the Bosphorus by the Marmaray Tunnel, inaugurated in 2013 as the first rail connection between Thrace and Anatolia, having 13.5km length. WebHow does Istanbul compare to Paris? [4] Istanbul is the most populous European city,[c] and the world's 15th-largest city. As a result, the current height of the obelisk is only 18.54 meters, or 25.6 meters if the base is included. WebCompare the size of countries, regions and cities Istanbul (Turkey) is 1.31 times as big as London (UK) Istanbul (Turkey) No description found. [144] The AKP government's decision to replace Taksim Gezi Park with a replica of the Ottoman era Taksim Military Barracks (which was transformed into the Taksim Stadium in 1921, before being demolished in 1940 for building Gezi Park) sparked a series of nationwide protests in 2013 covering a wide range of issues. Roe deer, wild boars, foxes, coyotes, martens, badgers, wolves, weasels, wildcats, squirrels and reed cats have been documented to live inside the boundaries of Istanbul Province. 41.74% lower population density? p. 236. [170] The Municipal Council is advised by the Metropolitan Executive Committee, although the committee also has limited power to make decisions of its own. In 1930, the city's name was officially changed to Istanbul, the Turkish rendering of (romanized: eis tn Plin; 'to the City'), the appellation Greek speakers used since the 11th century to colloquially refer to the city. WebAsk everyone to send you their heights and compare them together on our crisp and clean chart! The BBC has a regional office in Istanbul, assisting its Turkish-language news operations, and the American news channel CNN established the Turkish-language CNN Trk there in 1999. Altay, Volkan; Ouml, Brahim Lker; zyiit; Yarci, Celal (31 January 2010). Cities - Size Explorer - Compare the world Welcome to Size - Explorer The The most important species belonging to maquis formation are laurel, terebinth, Cercis siliquastrum, broom, red firethorn, and oak species such as Quercus cerris and Quercus coccifera. [354][355] The transfer from the airport to the city is via the O-7, and it will eventually be linked by two lines of the Istanbul Metro. [223] Istanbul's productivity is 110 percent higher than the national average. "Istanbul." 30 million. [328] Operated by Istanbul Electricity, Tramway and Tunnels General Management (ETT), trams slowly returned to the city in the 1990s with the introduction of a nostalgic route and a faster modern tram line, which now carries 265,000 passengers each day. [289], Istanbul now has a wide variety of periodicals. [148] It was brought from Delphi in 324 CE, during the reign of Constantine the Great, and also erected at the spina of the Hippodrome. As of 2019[update] the city's mean air quality remains of a level so as to affect the heart and lungs of healthy street bystanders during peak traffic hours,[370] and almost 200 days of pollution were measured by the air pollution sensors at Sultangazi, Mecidiyeky, Alibeyky and Kathane. [10][11] The city grew in size and influence, eventually becoming a beacon of the Silk Road and one of the most important cities in history. [76] Modern facilities, such as a water supply network, electricity, telephones, and trams, were gradually introduced to Constantinople over the following decades, although later than to other European cities. The O-2, O-3, and O-4 are part of European route E80 (the Trans-European Motorway) between Portugal and the IranTurkey border. [247] The most prominent of the festivals that evolved from the original Istanbul Festival is the Istanbul Biennial, held every two years since 1987. [158] In 1639, Murad IV made some of the most lavish additions, including the Baghdad Kiosk, to commemorate his conquest of Baghdad the previous year. Lining both the European and Asian shores of the Bosporus are the historic yals, luxurious chalet mansions built by Ottoman aristocrats and elites as summer homes. [148] It was originally part of an ancient Greek sacrificial tripod in Delphi that was erected to commemorate the Greeks who fought and defeated the Persian Empire at the Battle of Plataea (479 BCE). [219], More recently, Istanbul and many of Turkey's metropolitan cities are following a trend away from the government and their right-wing ideology. London (UK) London is the capital In the re-run mamolu gathered 54.22% of the total vote and widened the defeat margin. [372], Algal blooms and red tides were reported in Sea of Marmara and Bosporus (especially in Golden Horn), and regularly happen in urban lakes such as Lake Bykekmece and Kkekmece. The majority of the Catholic Levantines (Turkish: Levanten) in Istanbul and Izmir are the descendants of traders/colonists from the Italian maritime republics of the Mediterranean (especially Genoa and Venice) and France, who obtained special rights and privileges called the Capitulations from the Ottoman sultans in the 16th century. [229], In 1995, keeping up with the financial trends, Borsa Istanbul moved its headquarters (which was originally located on Bankalar Caddesi, the financial center of the Ottoman Empire,[229] and later at the 4th Vakf Han building in Sirkeci) to stinye, in the vicinity of Maslak, which hosts the headquarters of numerous Turkish banks. [307], A nascent telephone system began to emerge in Istanbul in 1881 and after the first manual telephone exchange became operational in Istanbul in 1909, the Ministry of Post and Telegraph became the Ministry of Post, Telegraph, and Telephone. [176] Ali Yerlikaya has been the Governor of Istanbul Province since 26 October 2018. [citation needed], Istanbul had the eleventh-largest economy among the world's urban areas in 2018, and is responsible for 30 percent of Turkey's industrial output,[223] 31 percent of GDP,[223] and 47 percent of tax revenues. It is also larger in size and has a lower population density, although the overall population of Istanbul is significantly higher than that of London. [296] Kanal D and ATV are other stations in Istanbul that offer a mix of news and series; NTV (partnered with U.S. media outlet MSNBC) and Sky Turkboth based in the cityare mainly just known for their news coverage in Turkish. This reflected its status as the only major city in the vicinity. [240] These museums have yet to attain the popularity of older museums on the historic peninsula, including the Istanbul Archaeology Museums, which ushered in the era of modern museums in Turkey, and the Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum. [142], Istanbul does not have a primary urban park, but it has several green areas. [293] Istanbul's airwaves are the busiest in Turkey, primarily featuring either Turkish-language or English-language content. [357][358] Atatrk had also experienced rapid growth, as its 20.6 percent rise in passenger traffic between 2011 and 2012 was the highest among the world's top 30 airports. [281] Istanbul Park was also a venue of the World Touring Car Championship and the European Le Mans Series in 2005 and 2006, but the track has not seen either of these competitions since then. [135], During the Ottoman period, skdar (then Scutari) and Kadky were outside the scope of the urban area, serving as tranquil outposts with seaside yals and gardens. Constantinople jostled with other major historical cities, such as Baghdad, Chang'an, Kaifeng and Merv for the position of the world's largest city until the 1 Istanbul's tallest hill, Aydos, is 537 meters (1,762ft) high.[15]. Istanbul's foreign population with a residence permit increased dramatically, from 43,000 in 2007[186] to 856,377 in 2019. [211] By 1711, using the printing press, books came to be published in Spanish and Ladino, Yiddish, and Hebrew. ", "23 Haziran 2019 Sandk Analizi ve Semen Kmeleri", "How Istanbul won back its crown as heart of the Muslim world", "Istanbul: An Unlikely Refuge for Exiled Journalists", "Arab Exiles Sound Off Freely in Istanbul Even as Turkey Muffles Its Own Critics", "Why dissidents are gathering in Istanbul", "Syrian migrants in Turkey face deadline to leave Istanbul", "Greeks in Istanbul keeping close eye on developments", "Assyrian community thrives again in southeastern Turkey", "Turkey Virtual Jewish History Tour - Jewish Virtual Library", "Why Jews in Terror-stricken Turkey Aren't Fleeing to Israel Yet", "Erdoan: 'stanbul'da teklersek, Trkiye'de tkezleriz', "A Turkish Opposition Leader Is Fighting Erdoan With 'Radical Love', "Erdoan's defeat in Istanbul shows opposition's changing tactics", "Istanbul election rerun set to be won by opposition, in blow to Erdogan", "Panoramic view of the modern skyline of Istanbul's European side, with the skyscrapers of Levent at the center and the Bosphorus Bridge (1973) at right", "A view of the skyscrapers in Levent from Sporcular Park", "Regions and Cities in Turkey at a Glance in 2018", "Istanbul's new Bosphorus canal 'to surpass Suez or Panama", "The Imperial Ottoman Bank Patrimoines Partags ", "nBorsa Istanbul: A Story of Transformation", "Istanbul Aims to Outshine Dubai With $2.6 Billion Bank Center", "Istanbul Finance Center to open in 2022, gains traction from Middle East", "Turkey expects cruise tourism boom in 2022", "10 of the Best Exhibitions at the Istanbul Biennial", "Abdi peki Avenue to be new Champs Elysee", "Shopping in Singapore is Better than Paris", "A Big Night Out in Istanbul And a Big Breakfast the Morning After", "Managing the Difficult Balance Between Tourism and Authenticity", "Turkey's LGBT community draws hope from Harvey Milk", "Besiktas: The Black Eagles of the Bosporus", "UEFA Champions League 2007/08 History Fenerbahe", "Puan Durumu: 20152016 Sezonu 30. [191], Istanbul has been a cosmopolitan city throughout much of its history, but it has become more homogenized since the end of the Ottoman era. By 500 CE, Constantinople had somewhere between 400,000 and 500,000 people, edging out its predecessor, Rome, for the world's largest city. [301] At the behest of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Krkeme water supply network was constructed; by 1563, the network provided 4,200 cubic meters (150,000cuft) of water to 158 sites each day. ^ Where governor's office is located. ^ Istanbul straddles both Europe and Asia, with its commercial and historical centre and two-thirds of the population in Europe, the rest in Asia. Since Istanbul is a transcontinental city, Moscow is the largest city entirely within Europe. The rents are extremely high. It experiences cool winters with frequent precipitation, and warm to hot (mean temperature peaking at 20C (68F) to 25C (77F) in August, depending on location), moderately dry summers. [148] The lower part of the obelisk was damaged in antiquity, probably during its transport to Alexandria in 357 CE or during its re-erection at the Hippodrome of Constantinople in 390 CE. [235], Much of Turkey's cultural scene had its roots in Istanbul, and by the 1980s and 1990s Istanbul reemerged globally as a city whose cultural significance is not solely based on its past glory. WebIstanbul is located on two sides over two continents, one of which is the European side (Avrupa Yakas) and the other is the Asian side (Anadolu Yakas). [320] The O-7[321] or Kuzey Marmara Otoyolu, is a motorway that bypass Istanbul to the north. 11431180). [359], The natural vegetation cover of the Bosporus region is made up of temperate broadleaf and mixed forests and pseudo-maquis. WebWith a total population of around fifteen million residents in its metropolitan area, Istanbul is one of the world's largest cities by population, standing as the world's fifteenth-largest [195] Zazas are also present in the city and constitute around 1% of the total voting-age population. The settlers built an acropolis adjacent to the Golden Horn on the site of the early Thracian settlements, fueling the nascent city's economy. But I presume that Istanbul has a similar problem. Their prevalence has increased significantly over the last decade, as the percentage of outpatients using private hospitals increased from 6 percent to 23 percent between 2005 and 2009. Apart from the natural flora Platanus orentalis, horse chestnut, cypress and stone pine make up the introduced species that got acclimatized to Istanbul. Necdet Sakaolu (1993/94a): "stanbul'un adlar" ["The names of Istanbul"]. 25.76$ vs 29.44$ Historians disagreesometimes substantiallyon population figures of Istanbul (Constantinople), and other world cities, prior to the 20th century. 11% stated they were fully devoted to their religion, meanwhile 6% were non-believers who did not believe the rules and requirements of a religion. The O-2 continues west to Edirne and the O-4 continues east to Ankara. [303], The Silahtaraa Power Station, a coal-fired power plant along the Golden Horn, was the sole source of Istanbul's electricity between 1914, when its first engine room was completed, and 1952. [290][312] Many of these private hospitals, as well as some of the public hospitals, are equipped with high-tech equipment, including MRI machines, or associated with medical research centers. [285] Istanbul Sailing Club, established in 1952, hosts races and other sailing events on the waterways in and around Istanbul each year. [328] It still carries passengers between Karaky and stiklal Avenue along a steep 573-meter (1,880ft) track; a more modern funicular between Taksim Square and Kabata began running in 2006. [241] Movie theaters rapidly cropped up in Beyolu, with the greatest concentration of theaters being along the street now known as stiklal Avenue. [304][305] Capacity declined until the power station reached the end of its economic life and shut down in 1983. [342][non-primary source needed], International rail service from Istanbul launched in 1889, with a line between Bucharest and Istanbul's Sirkeci Terminal, which ultimately became famous as the eastern terminus of the Orient Express from Paris. The Sleymaniye Mosque, built by Suleiman the Magnificent, was designed by his chief architect Mimar Sinan, the most illustrious of all Ottoman architects, who designed many of the city's renowned mosques and other types of public buildings and monuments.[155]. [290] As public hospitals tend to be overcrowded or otherwise slow, private hospitals are preferable for those who can afford them. All four stadiums are elite Category 4 (formerly five-star) UEFA stadiums. Due to its initial status as Turkey's only club, Beikta occasionally represented the Ottoman Empire and Turkish Republic in international sports competitions, earning the right to place the Turkish flag inside its team logo. Latin Empire 12041261 [71] Although the Sultan lived at a safe remove from the masses, and the wealthy and poor tended to live side by side, for the most part Istanbul was not zoned as modern cities are. In 2013 and 2014, large-scale anti-AKP government protests began in stanbul and spread throughout the nation. By 500 CE, Constantinople had somewhere between 400,000 and 500,000 people, edging out its predecessor, Rome, for the world's largest city. [148] The Roman emperor Constantius II (r. 337361 CE) had it and another obelisk transported along the River Nile to Alexandria for commemorating his ventennalia or 20 years on the throne in 357. [15], Haydarpaa, at the southeastern end of the Bosporus, was Istanbul's largest port until the early 2000s. [82] Due to Ottoman and Turkish policies of Turkification and ethnic cleansing, the city's Christian population declined from 450,000 to 240,000 between 1914 and 1927. The largest is the new Istanbul Airport, opened in 2018 in the Arnavutky district to the northwest of the city center, on the European side, near the Black Sea coast. Some of Turkey 's oldest sports clubs london ( UK ) london is the largest city entirely Europe. Provincial Administration has a similar problem according to survey data 78 % of the city was Istanbul 's foreign with! Or otherwise slow, private hospitals are preferable for those who can afford them 321 or... 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