The iron empire: James J. Hills Great Northern, Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Submit to Stumbleupon (Opens in new window), The iron empire: James J. Hills Great Northern ore trust terminated, St. Paul Midway Baseball calls it quits after 33 years, Crockarell buys 7th Place Apartments; First Avenue plans restaurant, With THC edibles legal in MN, more kids are finding them, eating them and getting sick, Minnesota Court of Appeals rejects bid to reinstate Brian Lipschultz on Otto Bremer Trust, Local developers donate downtown St. Paul building to Salvation Army, No increased stroke risk linked to Pfizers COVID boosters as feared, federal officials say, Hamline University leaders admit to 'misstep' in Islamophobia controversy as adjunct professor files lawsuit, St. Thomas receives $75 million donation toward new hockey, basketball facility on St. Paul campus, Defensive issues at center stage as Vikings look toward 2023, Duluth Boy Scout has slept outside for 1,000 days and counting, Man arrested after armed bank robbery in St. Paul, Police: Stolen vehicle rolls over in St. Paul, good Samaritan stops to help and he's carjacked, Walz calls for $12B in new spending to make MN 'best state in country for kids', Fugitive suspect in Mall of America killing arrested in Georgia; mother accused of driving him there. His first job in St. Paul was with a steamboat company, where he worked as a bookkeeper. Paul and Pacific Railroad to the Great Northern Railway Company. Political contributions favored policies over party, and Hill was frequently frustrated when candidates failed to fulfill campaign promises. Therefore, Hill turned to his confidant and esteemed financer J.P Morgan. If the federal government believed that the railroads were making too much profit, they might see this as an opportunity to force lowering of the railway tariff rates. He was eyed as a great competitor by the successful and dominant E.H Harriman, who owned Union Pacific Railway. As he bought smaller lines, his wealth and power expanded greatly. [1] He was forced to leave school in 1852 due to the death of his father. Thus, the knowledge he amassed in the academy was put to use in order to establish his business later in life. A daughter, Katie, died in infancy (1876). James J. Hill. But as the decades pass, the legacy has become harder to see. Hill avoided this by investing a large portion of the railroad's profit back into the railroad itselfand charged those investments to operating expense. More About MAURICE EARL HILL: History The city that is now North Oaks was purchased by Hill in 1883 and turned into a 5,000-acre research farm. He cherished summers at the family's North Oaks farm and an annual spring trip to his hunting lodge in Quebec for salmon fishing. Hill and his railway are mentioned in the Harry McClintock song "Hallelujah, I'm a Bum.". Seizing this opportunity, he collaborated with Norman Kittson, Donald Smith, George Stephen and John Stewart Kennedy, and bought off St. ; and Pittsburgh. In 1929, the Great Northern Railway named its flagship passenger train the Empire Builder in his honor. Connecting junctions almost all over North America, it is to his merit that trade and occupations saw a leap in U.S.A. Holding on to his vivid ambition, he climbed up to the helm of Americas transportation business from being the son of a hired peasant. James Jerome Hill was born near Guelph, Ontario on September 16, 1838. Hill, Jr., was one of several young boys named as founders of the trust back when James J. Hill was alive, to keep the trust going for many years. The high-grade ore is long gone, but now the mines yield lower-grade taconite. Renamed the Great Northern Railway in 1890, it remained the "great adventure" of Hills life. In 1929, the Great Northern Railway inaugurated a long-distance passenger train extending from Chicago to Seattle, and named it the Empire Builder in his honor. Geni requires JavaScript! Between 1883 and 1889, Hill built his railroads across Minnesota, into Wisconsin, and across North Dakota to Montana. "When we are all dead and gone," he said, "the sun will still shine, the rain will fall, and this railroad will run as usual.". In 1850 she came with her family to St. Paul. [8] The pass had been discovered by John Frank Stevens, principal engineer of the Great Northern Railway, in December 1889, and offered an easier route across the Rockies than that taken by the Northern Pacific. Hill and Debs agreed to arbitration by other business owners led by Charles Alfred Pillsbury. The messy legal battle between North Oaks and the city's founding family and master developer the heirs of legendary St. Paul railroad magnate James J. Hill is finally over. As one of the trusts current officials, Robert Stein, testified last November, It was set up uniquely by James J. Hill as part of the political circumstances of the time to avoid a federal statute that was passed. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. Now both Morgan and Hill started rampantly buying shares of Northern Pacific causing the stock market at Wall Street to come unbound. The move was politically unpopular and in clear violation of Minnesota statutes. 70Th year, was born on 25 September 1956 at little Falls N businessman James J. of. When there was not enough industry in the areas Hill was building, Hill brought the industry in, often by buying out a company and placing plants along his railroad lines. Early in 1901 he joined with J. P. Morgan to buy control of the Northern Pacific Railroad control contested by E. H. Harriman of the Union Pacific in an epic stock market battle in May 1901. His two sons had to talk him into being interested in it in the first place, said Eileen R. McCormack, a Hill family biographer and former curator of the Hill papers. In order to generate business for his railroad, Hill encouraged European immigrants to settle along his line, often paying for Russian and Scandinavian settlers to travel from Europe. We invite you to use our commenting platform to engage in insightful conversations about issues in our community. The key to the Great Northern line was Hill's use of the previously unmapped Marias Pass first discovered by Santiago Jameson. In order to ensure that he did not lose his patronage during the crisis, Hill lowered rail tariff shipping rates for farmers and gave credit to many of the businesses he owned so they could continue paying their workers and starting a "10 dollar trip" (equal to $301.59 today) for immigrants. For James Hill it was a golden opportunity. "[7] Hill got what he wanted, and in January 1893 his Great Northern Railway, running from St. Paul, Minnesota to Seattle, Washington a distance of more than 1,700 miles (2,700km) was completed. Hill noted that the secret to success was, "Work, hard work, intelligent work, and then more work.". But unlike his legendary Great Northern Railway, which was wrestled into being by Hills iron will, his iron ore holdings were something of an accident. He died in 1995, setting off the 20-year timtabkle that led to dissolution of the Trust in 2015. The last survivor turned out to be James J. Hills grandson, Louis Hill Jr., who died April 6, 1995. During this period, Hill began to work for himself for the first time. From 1886 to 1905, American exports to Japan leapt from $7.7 million a year (equal to $232,226,296 today) to $51.7 million, equal to $1,559,233,704 today. Louis Jr. was just 4 years old when the trust was created. Over 400 workers labored on the project. In 1867, James J. Hill married Mary Theresa Mehegan, born in 1846 in New York City. In 1887, the Great Northern's first company headquarters building was constructed in St. Paul. The Great Northern Railway and the Northern Pacific tried to merge four times, in 1896, 1901, 1927, and 1955. By the time of his death in 1916, James J. Hill was worth more than $53 million (equal to more than $1,319,813,456 today). What to expect; First visit; FAQ; harlotte Elizabeth Slade (nacida Hill), Ruth Heidsieck (nacida Hill), Rachel Boeckmann (nacida Hill), Gertrude T Gavin (nacida Hill), Kat James Dunbar, Mary Elizabeth Brooks (born Hill), Alexander Samuel Dunbar Hill. Tom Webb can be reached at 651-228-5428. Because of the size of this region and the economic dominance exerted by the Hill lines, Hill became known during his lifetime as The Empire Builder. St. Paul, MN 55102 Meanwhile, some of the original mines are still being worked. Even though it was a public stock, it wasnt a publicized venture, McCormack said. Built at a cost of $930,000 and with 36,000 square feet (3,300 m2), the James J. Hill House was among the city's largest. Hill was a supporter of free trade and was one of the few supporters of free trade with Canada. [18] Hill also wanted control of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy railroad because of its Midwestern lines and access to Chicago. In 1867, Hill entered the coal business, and by 1879 it had expanded five times over, giving Hill a local monopoly in the anthracite coal business. When she met James Belton, a descendant of Prospect Hill slaves who had chosen not to emigrate, they both encountered someone whose life represented what their own might have been, had their. Hill also invested in founding schools and churches for these communities and promoted a variety of progressive techniques to ensure they prospered. Nancy, David and his brother Frank were notorous outlaws during the economic downturn be carried was james j hill descendants today by family. Many speculators, who had sold Northern Pacific "short" in the anticipation of a drop in the railroad's price, faced ruin. During this same period, Hill also entered into banking and quickly managed to become member of several major banks' boards of directors. The men and women of the Las Cruces Fire Department strive to provide prevention, response and recovery services to residents, businesses, and visitors so they can experience a safe community and receive compassionate care in their time of need. To sea as a clerk for a few years CA 1918-1922 1826 in Broadoak, Cornwall, ;. Miners are shown at the Hill Annex Mine on the Minnesota Iron Range, photographed in 1940. Born In: Eramosa Township, Ontario, Upper Canada, Spouse/Ex-: Mary Theresa Mehegan (m. 1867), children: Charlotte Hill Slade, Clara Hill Lindley, Gertrude Hill Gavin, James N. Hill, Katherine, Louis W. Hill, Mary Hill Hill, Rachel Hill Boeckmann, Ruth Hill Beard, Walter Jerome Hill, See the events in life of James J. Hill in Chronological Order, (Canadian-American railroad executive, Businessman). Call us at (858) 263-7716. Though a Protestant, Hill maintained a strong philanthropic relationship with the Catholic Church in St. Paul and throughout the northwest. Instead, its for his lesser-known role as an iron ore magnate. One of his challenges at this point was the avoidance of federal action against railroads. His discernment and flexibility at the time of grave financial losses were tremendous. The 14-story building cost $14 million to construct. The threat of a real economic panic loomed. Have you taken a DNA test? The Hill foundations that exist today, none of them have the Hill name on them, McCormack said. 651-297-2555 James J. Hill is back in the news this month but not for his famous railroad. Map | Directions and Parking. Theres really no other trust like it., Yet there was another reason, at a time of rising public resentment toward wealthy industrialists and grim conditions at the mines. An enthusiastic conservationist, Hill was invited by President Theodore Roosevelt to a governor's conference on conservation of natural resources, and later appointed to a lands commission. He was soon made the General Manager of the newly formed St. Paul, Minneapolis, and Manitoba Railway Co. Hill recruited hundreds of immigrants and developed mini homesteads in Dakota and Montana that helped in building markets; he used the railways as a means of commuting immigrants from one place to another. People commented on his piercing gaze and said he held their attention with his quick, animated speech, gesturing expansively and jabbing the air with a hand or finger to make his point. Sep 16 1838 - Eramosa Township, Upper Canada, British North America, May 29 1916 - Saint Paul, Ramsey, Minnesota, United States, James Jerome Hill, Ann Hill (born Dunbar), Sep 16 1838? His first goal was to expand and upgrade even more. s W. Hill, James Norman Hill, Unknown Hill, Clara Ann Lindley (born Hill), Katherine Theresa Hill, Unknown Hill, Ruth Beard (born Hill), Sep 16 1838 - Wellington, Guelph, Rockwood, Eramosa Township, Ontario, Canada, Mary Elizabeth Brooks (born Hill), Alexander Samuel Dunbar Hill. Copyright Privacy Information Policy Ticketing Policy, James J. Hill: Empire Builder of the Northwest, Harriman vs. Hill: Wall Street's Great Railroad War, James J. Hill and the Opening of the Northwest. J. Hill, a wildly successful railroad tycoon known appropriately as the "Empire Builder", the 36,000-square-foot property at 240 Summit Avenue spans three lots and touts arguably the most . "Minnesota, Death Records, 1866-1916," index and database. [11] This "Dakota Boom" peaked in 1882 as 42,000 immigrants, largely from northern Europe, poured into the Red River Valley running through the region. Hill was a member of the Jekyll Island Club (aka The Millionaires Club) on Jekyll Island, Georgia, along with J. P. Morgan and William Rockefeller. In addition, he donated to numerous schools, including the Saint Paul Seminary. Because of these measures, Hill not only stayed in business, but also increased the net worth of his railroad by nearly $10 million. Six months after the railroad reached Seattle came the depression called the Panic of 1893. Not for the first time in Hill's career, competitors became partners. Boeckmann had been a football hero for the University of Minnesota. Hill undertook to establish a monopoly of the steamboat business; he was monopolizing coal, socializing with bankers, and buying other businesses at the same time. Thus, with his experience in cargo business he began bidding for other contracts and won quite a few. At Hills insistence, the case was tried in St. Paul at the Federal Courts Building (now Landmark Center). Workers went on strike that year. This last attempt lasted from 1955 until final Supreme Court approval and merger in March 1970, which created the Burlington Northern Railroad. In 1995, Burlington Northern merged with the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway to become the Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway. Even with treatment from the best of doctors, he found no relief. He went on to become a prominent businessman in St. Paul, a state legislator for 14 years, and a philanthropist who helped disburse some of the familys fortune. His condition deteriorated quickly in mid-May, but even with the help of many respected doctors he was beyond saving. During the Panic of 1873, a number of railroads, including the St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (StP&P), had gone bankrupt. Brunfelt gave one example: The Hull-Rust-Mahoning (mine) complex provided 25 percent of the ore during World War II that the nation consumed and Hill owned a big part of it.. Old St. Paul knows who he was, McCormack said of James J. Hill. Hill was intimately involved in the planning and construction (19141916) of a new company headquarters in St. Paul (to be known as the Great Northern Office Building), which was to house the corporate staffs of the Great Northern, the Northern Pacific and Hill's banking enterprises. Hill County, Montana is named in his honor. Hill avoided this by investing a large portion of the railroad's profit back into the railroad itselfand charged those investments to operating expense. The 14-story building cost $14 million to construct. He was the chief executive officer of a family of lines headed by the Great Northern Railway, which served a substantial area of the Upper Midwest, the northern Great Plains, and Pacific Northwest. [16], Leonard says that after 1900 Hill exhibited poor business judgment regarding one Canadian subsidiary, the Vancouver, Westminster and Yukon Railway Company (VW&Y). [13] Hill's leadership became a case study in the successful management of a capital-intensive business during the economic downturn. James Jerome Hill (September 16, 1838 May 29, 1916), was a Canadian-American railroad executive. Hill's historic home is located next to the cathedral, largely due to the special relationship Hill's wife, a practicing Catholic, had with the Diocese. But getting the freight revenue required a massive investment in track, machinery, land and manpower. https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/james-j-hill-138.php. During the winter months when the Mississippi River was frozen and steamboats could not run, Hill started bidding on other contracts and won quite a few. And it began with Hills hunger to build a rail line across northern Minnesota in the 1890s, to haul grain more directly from the Red River Valley to Lake Superior. In 1891, after three years of building, construction was completed on a new Hill family home on Summit Avenue in St. Paul. But it has been a source of wealth for the Hill family and for the railroads investors for more than a century. As a result, one feature Hill integrated into the construction of the 1887 company headquarters (the Great Northern General Office Building) was barrel vaulted ceilings constructed of brick and railroad steel rails that held up a layer of sand several inches deep. Built at a cost of $930,000 and with 36,000 square feet (3,300m2), the James J. Hill House was among the city's largest. After the death of Hill's wife in 1921, the house was donated to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. (Pioneer Press file photo: Joe Odin). The Hill family has shared some of that wealth with St. Paul and the region, through foundations that continue to this day. [2], Because of his previous experiences in shipping and fuel supply, Hill was able to enter both the coal and steamboat businesses. That is reflected in a 1946 summary from Louis Hill Sr., reprinted in the biography The Dutiful Son: Louis W. Hill.. hillhouse@mnhs.org 2008 - 2022 INTERESTING.COM, INC. He didnt seem to have a large interest in getting land along the railroad, or (investing) in any of the speculation or the business activities along the railroad.. [12] The rapidly increasing settlement in North Dakota's Red River Valley along the Minnesota border between 1871 and 1890 was a major example of large-scale "bonanza" farming. They had ten children: By early 1916 Hill began pouring more attention into philanthropy, donating thousands of dollars to various institutions as he privately struggled with a variety of increasingly painful ailments. Said Brunfelt, the Iron Range historian, The Great Northern (Railway) is one of the great success stories in American history, the only transcontinental railroad built by an individual, which is astonishing when you think of it. He came to St. Paul in 1856, where he first worked as a shipping clerk for J. W. Bass and Company. The James J. Hill House in St. Paul, is a National Historic Landmark.[24]. The Union Pacific Railroad was the biggest competitor of Great Northern and Northern Pacific Railroads. [3] By 1879 he had a local monopoly by merging with Norman Kittson. Louis Warren Hill (May 19, 1872- April 27, 1948), was an American railroad executive. (photo courtesy Minnesota Historical Society), A colorized 1910 postcard from the Mahoning iron ore mine, a decade after James J. Hill had purchased the land. He imported grains from Russia and sold this to farmers. Because of the size of this region and the economic dominance exerted by the Hill lines, Hill became known during his lifetime as "The Empire Builder". It was designed by James Brodie, who also built the Hill's house on Summit Avenue. The pass had initially been described by Lewis and Clark in 1805, but no one since had been able to find it so Hill hired Santiago Jameson to search it out. In 1880, its net worth was $728,000; in 1885 it was $25,000,000. The 1887 building was converted between 2000 and 2004 to a 53 unit condo in the Historic Lowertown District of St. Paul. He was general manager (1879-1882) and president (1883-1890) of the St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Railway Company. When his estate was divided his widow received over 16 million, and each of his children received almost 4 million; 1.5 million was paid in income and inheritance taxes.[19]. James Jerome Hill (September 16, 1838 - May 29, 1916), was a Canadian-American railroad executive. Hill was a supporter of free trade and was one of the few supporters of free trade with Canada. A bust of Hill is located on the University of Washington campus in Seattle, Washington. The following year James J. Hill built a rail along the Marian Pass without constructing a tunnel and altered the name of the company from St. He also ran model experimental farms in Minnesota such as North Oaks to develop superior livestock and crop yields for the settlers locating near his railroads. He also took strong measures to economizein just one year, Hill cut the railway's expense of carrying a ton of freight by 13%. Samuel Hill was an executive at the Great Northern Railway when he married Mary Hill. The James J. Hill House in St. Paul, Minnesota is a National Historic Landmark. He also bought out bankrupt businesses, built them up again, and then resold themoften gaining a substantial profit. Jim Hill Mountain near Stevens Pass in the Cascade Range is named after him, also. discoveries. However, Hill, without the benefit of a central company, managed to acquire the Colorado and Southern Railway lines into Texas, and to build the Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway. He invested a considerable amount of profit back into the business, further expanding and upgrading the business, earning his position as president of the company. His massive success kindled envy in many people as his story was a real-life rags-to-riches fairy tale. It was Louis who acquired the land that became the Hill Annex Mine. Upon completion of the Summit Avenue residence, Hill had the family's old house, which he had constructed in 1878, razed. The Union Pacific Railroad was the biggest competitor of Great Northern and Northern Pacific Railroads. The school, which was all-male, consolidated in 1971 with the all-female Archbishop Murray School to form Hill-Murray School in Maplewood, Minnesota. Northwest Area Foundation is Louis and Maud Hills foundation, Jerome is Jerome Hills, and Grotto is Louis Hill Juniors.. Hill was a hands-on, detail-obsessed manager. In 1897, Hill grudgingly bought the small Duluth, Superior & Winnipeg Railroad, which came with 10,000 acres of Mesabi Range land. Avenue in the Library in his 70th year, was born on 25 September 1956 at little Falls N! It closed at $8.10 a share, roughly what shareholders can expect in a final payout. His first goal was to expand and upgrade even more. By the time he had finished, he was adept at algebra, geometry, land surveying, and English. The threat of a real economic panic loomed. Enter a grandparent's name. The theory was that if a fire broke out and the ceiling caved in, the sand would drop and retard or suppress the fire. Hill did much of the route planning himself, travelling over proposed routes on horseback. Over 400 workers labored on the project. In 1864 Hill met a waitress who was working at the Merchants Hotel in St. Paul, where he often ate. James J. Hill household, 1895 state census, Ramsey County, Minnesota, population schedule, Saint Paul, Ward 7, Precinct 2, page 89; GSU Film Number 000565801. The StP&P in particular was caught in an almost hopeless legal muddle. Opened as the James . [19] After falling into a coma, he died in his home in St. Paul, Minnesota, on May 29, 1916. In an interview during his last few years, he was questioned on what led him to rule the railway empire, to which he diligently replied, Work, hard work, intelligent work, and then more work. Certainly, nothing came easy for him; he overcame the toughest challenges life could fling at him and yet went on to establish the Great Northern Railroad. His life is the perfect example of a journey from obscurity to fame. hillhouse@mnhs.org Still, historians agree that the Hills role on the Iron Range was definitely not a matter of just cashing royalty checks. The center, which opened in 1921 . Northern Pacific stock was forced up to $1,000 per share. That handoff has been the subject of a dispute in Ramsey County District Court, mostly about the timing of the handover. His particular talents for English and mathematics would be helpful in his career. Hill did much of the route planning himself, traveling over proposed routes on horseback. At nine, he started receiving formal education.His father could not afford to pay his school fees, but a benevolent head master at the Rockwood Academy let him receive free education. James Jerome Hill Mary Theresa Mehegan Hill Mary Frances (Mamie) James Norman (Jimmy) Louis Warren Clara Ann Today Hills house has been preserved as a museum. He was named a founder of the Trust at age 4. To that end, Hill was a major figure in the effort launched by J.P. Morgan to float the Anglo-French Bond drive of 1915, which allowed the Allies to purchase much-needed foodstuffs and other supplies. It was obtained by the Minnesota Historical Society in 1978 and today is operated as a museum and gallery. The Hills shrewdly included a group of children among the founders, insuring the trust would last a very long time. Was Louis who acquired the land that became the Hill foundations that continue to this.. Cherished summers at the Merchants Hotel in St. Paul Railway are mentioned in the Library in his.. The last survivor turned out to be James J, Katie, died in infancy ( )... A large portion of the few supporters of free trade with Canada Pass, the house was to! Jr., who died April 6, 1995 the case was tried in St. Paul Minneapolis. With Canada establish his business later in life insuring the Trust was created the railroad 's back. That continue to this day ( May 19, 1872- April 27, 1948 ), was a supporter free. Railway named its flagship passenger train the Empire Builder in his 70th,. To the Great Northern 's first Company headquarters building was constructed in 1878,.... 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